Revisión sistemática del modelo SWAT como herramienta para evaluar el balance hídrico ante el cambio climático en Perú (2019-2024)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32911/as.2025.v18.n2.1325Palabras clave:
Cambio climático, Balance hídrico, Modelo SWAT, Revisión sistemáticaResumen
El cambio climático ha cobrado creciente relevancia en la investigación científica a nivel mundial, especialmente en lo que respecta a su impacto sobre la disponibilidad y gestión de los recursos hídricos. En este contexto, diversos modelos hidrológicos han sido empleados para estimar el balance hídrico con mayor precisión. Entre ellos, el modelo SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) ha destacado por su capacidad de simular procesos hidrológicos en diferentes escenarios climáticos. El objetivo del presente estudio fue realizar una revisión sistemática del uso del modelo SWAT como herramienta para evaluar el balance hídrico en el contexto del cambio climático en el Perú, en el periodo comprendido entre 2019 y 2024. La metodología se basó en las directrices de la declaración PRISMA, lo que permitió una búsqueda rigurosa y estructurada de literatura científica en las bases de datos Scopus, ScienceDirect y SciELO. Se identificaron y analizaron un total de 41 artículos: 39 provenientes de Scopus, 2 de ScienceDirect y ninguno de SciELO. Los resultados evidencian que el modelo SWAT ha sido ampliamente utilizado en diferentes tipos de cuencas hidrográficas del país, mostrando una alta adaptabilidad a diversas condiciones geográficas y disponibilidad de datos. Se concluye que el modelo SWAT constituye una herramienta robusta y confiable para la estimación del balance hídrico ante escenarios de cambio climático, además de ser útil para apoyar una gestión sostenible de los recursos hídricos en el Perú.modelo SWAT ha sido ampliamente utilizado en diferentes tipos de cuencas hidrográficas del país, mostrando una alta adaptabilidad a diversas condiciones geográficas y disponibilidad de datos. Se concluye que el modelo SWAT constituye una herramienta robusta y confiable para la estimación del balance hídrico ante escenarios de cambio climático, además de ser útil para apoyar una gestión sostenible de los recursos hídricos en el Perú
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Derechos de autor 2025 Fidel Aparicio Roque, Carlos Calvo Toledo, Eugenio Mejía Zúñiga
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
